Hypoglycemia

It is a clinical entity that arises as a consequence of a dropping of blood sugar level below 40mg/dl( normal- 70-120mg/dl) . This causes a common symptom of giddiness,may cause even seizures.Everyone would have experienced its symptoms on a day when we starving from the morning.But because of the liver and pancreas the blood sugar level becomes near normal saving us from collapsing.
           Causes :
                       1.Drugs like insulin,sulfonylureas,ethanol
                       2.hepatic,renal and cardiac failure,sepsis
                       3.Hormone deficiencies like cortisol,growth hormone or both,glucagon and epinephrine(in insulin deficient diabetes)
                       4.Endogenous hyperinsulinism like insulinomas etc
                       5.Postgastrectomy
                       6.galactosemia
                       7.Idiopathic
           Treatment :
                    oral glucose 20grams; if the patient is not able to take orally the intravenous glucose 25mg. sometimes inj.glucogan can be given i.m or sc