They are normally two in the human body, placed on either side of the vertebral column in the lumbar region.The blood supply is via renal vessels originating from the descending aorta at the level of L1.It regulates its function mainly through the renin angiotensin system.The main function is excretion of the waste and harmful metabolites from the blood.The functional unit is nephrons.There are about 2.4 million nephrons totally. the nephrons join the collecting duct which in turn drains into the renal calyces which opens into renal pelvis that continues as the ureter.They retro peritonial organs.Functions:
- Maintain the fluid-electrolyte balance in the body
- Excretion of the toxic metabolites
- drug metabolisation
- Erythropoiesis through erythropoietin
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| Polycystic disease |
- Polycystic disease
- Nephrotic syndrome
- glomerular nephitis
- renal stones
- renal failure
- renal cell carcinoma
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